Monthly Archives: May 2023

How Supreme Court Judge Appointed?

Constitution Of India, GENERAL STUDIES & GK

How Supreme Court Judge Appointed? 

Provisions as per Constitution of India

LAW, COURTS AND THE CONSTITUTION

India has one of the oldest legal systems in the world. Its law and jurisprudence stretches back into the centuries, forming a living tradition which has grown and evolved with the lives of its diverse people. India’s commitment to law is created in the Constitution which constituted India into a Sovereign Democratic Republic, containing a federal system with a Parliamentary form of Government in the Union and the States, an independent judiciary, guaranteed Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy containing objectives which though not enforceable in law are fundamental to the governance of the nation.

SOURCES OF LAW

The fountain source of law in India is the Constitution which, in turn, gives due recognition to statutes, case law and customary law consistent with its dispensations. Statutes are enacted by Parliament, State Legislatures and Union Territory Legislatures. There is also a vast body of laws known as subordinate legislation in the form of rules, regulations as well as by-laws made by Central and State Governments and local authorities like Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, Gram Panchayats and other local bodies. This subordinate legislation is made under the authority conferred or delegated either by Parliament or State or Union Territory Legislature concerned. The decisions of the Supreme Court are binding on all Courts within the territory of India. As India is a land of diversities, local customs and conventions which are not against statute, morality, etc. are to a limited extent also recognised and taken into account by Courts while administering justice in certain spheres.

ENACTMENT OF LAWS

The Indian Parliament is competent to make laws on matters enumerated in the Union List. State Legislatures are competent to make laws on matters enumerated in the State List. While both the Union and the States have power to legislate on matters enumerated in the Concurrent List, only Parliament has power to make laws on matters not included in the State List or the Concurrent List. In the event of repugnancy, laws made by Parliament shall prevail over laws made by State Legislatures, to the extent of the repugnancy. The State law shall be void unless it has received the assent of the President, and in such case, shall prevail in that State.

APPLICABILITY OF LAWS

Laws made by Parliament may extend throughout or in any part of the territory of India and those made by State Legislatures may generally apply only within the territory of the State concerned. Hence, variations are likely to exist from State to State in provisions of law relating to matters falling in the State and Concurrent Lists.

JUDICIARY

One of the unique features of the Indian Constitution is that, notwithstanding the adoption of a federal system and existence of Central Acts and State Acts in their respective spheres, it has generally provided for a single integrated system of Courts to administer both Union and State laws. At the apex of the entire judicial system, exists the Supreme Court of India below which are the High Courts in each State or group of States. Below the High Courts lies a hierarchy of Subordinate Courts. Panchayat Courts also function in some States under various names like Nyaya Panchayat, Panchayat Adalat, Gram Kachheri, etc. to decide civil and criminal disputes of petty and local nature. Different State laws provide for different kinds of jurisdiction of courts. Each State is divided into judicial districts presided over by a District and Sessions Judge, which is the principal civil court of original jurisdiction and can try all offences including those punishable with death. The Sessions Judge is the highest judicial authority in a district. Below him, there are Courts of civil jurisdiction, known in different States as Munsifs, Sub-Judges, Civil Judges and the like. Similarly, the criminal judiciary comprises the Chief Judicial Magistrates and Judicial Magistrates of First and Second Class.

CONSTITUTION OF SUPREME COURT

On the 28th of January, 1950, two days after India became a Sovereign Democratic Republic, the Supreme Court came into being. The inauguration took place in the Chamber of Princes in the Parliament building which also housed India’s Parliament, consisting of the Council of States and the House of the People. It was here, in this Chamber of Princes, that the Federal Court of India had sat for 12 years between 1937 and 1950. This was to be the home of the Supreme Court for years that were to follow until the Supreme Court acquired its own present premises.

The inaugural proceedings were simple but impressive. They began at 9.45 a.m. when the Judges of the Federal Court – Chief Justice Harilal J.Kania and Justices Saiyid Fazl Ali, M. Patanjali Sastri, Mehr Chand Mahajan, Bijan Kumar Mukherjea and S.R.Das – took their seats. In attendance were the Chief Justices of the High Courts of Allahabad, Bombay, Madras, Orissa, Assam, Nagpur, Punjab, Saurashtra, Patiala and the East Punjab States Union, Mysore, Hyderabad, Madhya Bharat and Travancore-Cochin. Along with the Attorney General for India, M.C. Setalvad were present the Advocate Generals of Bombay, Madras, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, East Punjab, Orissa, Mysore, Hyderabad and Madhya Bharat. Present too, were the Prime Minister, other Ministers, Ambassadors and diplomatic representatives of foreign States, a large number of Senior and other Advocates of the Court and other distinguished visitors.

Taking care to ensure that the Rules of the Supreme Court were published and the names of all the Advocates and agents of the Federal Court were brought on the rolls of the Supreme Court, the inaugural proceedings were over and put under part of the record of the Supreme Court.

After its inauguration on January 28, 1950, the Supreme Court commenced its sittings in a part of the Parliament House. The Court moved into the present building in 1958. The building is shaped to project the image of scales of justice. The Central Wing of the building is the Centre Beam of the Scales. In 1979, two New Wings – the East Wing and the West Wing – were added to the complex. In all there are 19 Court Rooms in the various wings of the building. The Chief Justice’s Court is the largest of the Courts located in the Centre of the Central Wing.

The original Constitution of 1950 envisaged a Supreme Court with a Chief Justice and 7 puisne Judges – leaving it to Parliament to increase this number. In the early years, all the Judges of the Supreme Court sat together to hear the cases presented before them. As the work of the Court increased and arrears of cases began to cumulate, Parliament increased the number of Judges from 8 in 1950 to 11 in 1956, 14 in 1960, 18 in 1978, 26 in 1986, 31 in 2009 and 34 in 2019 (current strength). As the number of the Judges has increased, they sit in smaller Benches of two and three – coming together in larger Benches of 5 and more only when required to do so or to settle a difference of opinion or controversy.

The Supreme Court of India comprises the Chief Justice and not more than 33 other Judges appointed by the President of India. Supreme Court Judges retire upon attaining the age of 65 years. In order to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court, a person must be a citizen of India and must have been, for atleast five years, a Judge of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession, or an Advocate of a High Court or of two or more such Courts in succession for at least 10 years or he must be, in the opinion of the President, a distinguished jurist. Provisions exist for the appointment of a Judge of a High Court as an Ad-hoc Judge of the Supreme Court and for retired Judges of the Supreme Court or High Courts to sit and act as Judges of that Court.

The Constitution seeks to ensure the independence of Supreme Court Judges in various ways. A Judge of the Supreme Court cannot be removed from office except by an order of the President passed after an address in each House of Parliament supported by a majority of the total membership of that House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of members present and voting, and presented to the President in the same Session for such removal on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity. A person who has been a Judge of the Supreme Court is debarred from practising in any court of law or before any other authority in India.

The proceedings of the Supreme Court are conducted in English only. Supreme Court Rules, 1966 and Supreme Court Rules 2013 are framed under Article 145 of the Constitution to regulate the practice and procedure of the Supreme Court.

SUPREME COURT REGISTRY

The Registry of the Supreme Court is headed by the Secretary General who is assisted in his work by eleven Registrars, and twenty five Additional Registrars etc. Article 146 of the Constitution deals with the appointments of officers and servants of the Supreme Court Registry.

ATTORNEY GENERAL

The Attorney General for India is appointed by the President of India under Article 76 of the Constitution and holds office during the pleasure of the President. He must be a person qualified to be appointed as a Judge of the Supreme Court. It is the duty of the Attorney General for India to give advice to the Government of India upon such legal matters and to perform such other duties of legal character as may be referred or assigned to him by the President. In the performance of his duties, he has the right of audience in all Courts in India as well as the right to take part in the proceedings of Parliament without the right to vote. In discharge of his functions, the Attorney General is assisted by a Solicitor General and twenty three Additional Solicitors General.

SUPREME COURT ADVOCATES

There are three categories of Advocates who are entitled to practise law before the Supreme Court of India:-

(i) SENIOR ADVOCATES

These are Advocates who are designated as Senior Advocates by the Supreme Court of India or by any High Court. The Court can designate any Advocate, with his consent, as Senior Advocate if in its opinion by virtue of his ability, standing at the Bar or special knowledge or experience in law the said Advocate is deserving of such distinction. A Senior Advocate is not entitled to appear without an Advocate-on-Record in the Supreme Court or without a junior in any other court or tribunal in India. He is also not entitled to accept instructions to draw pleadings or affidavits, advise on evidence or do any drafting work of an analogous kind in any court or tribunal in India or undertake conveyancing work of any kind whatsoever but this prohibition shall not extend to settling any such matter as aforesaid in consultation with a junior.

(ii) ADVOCATES-ON-RECORD

Only these Advocates are entitled to file any matter or document before the Supreme Court. They can also file an appearance or act for a party in the Supreme Court.

(iii) OTHER ADVOCATES

These are Advocates whose names are entered on the roll of any State Bar Council maintained under the Advocates Act, 1961 and they can appear and argue any matter on behalf of a party in the Supreme Court but they are not entitled to file any document or matter before the Court.

 

 

Source:-https://main.sci.gov.in/

Article 370: SC Decision

Current Affairs, GENERAL STUDIES & GK

Article 370: India Supreme Court upholds repeal of Kashmir’s special status

India’s top court has upheld the stripping of special status from the former state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s government in 2019 revoked the Indian constitution’s Article 370, which had given the region significant autonomy.

The state of more than 12 million people was also split into two federally administered territories.

The court added that the government should hold elections in the region by September 2024.

The five-judge bench also ordered that the region should be restored as a state “at the earliest.”

“The state of Jammu and Kashmir does not have internal sovereignty different from other states,” Chief Justice DY Chandrachud said while reading out the judgement.

In his concurring judgement, Justice SK Kaul recommended that an “impartial truth and reconciliation commission” be set up in Kashmir to investigate human rights violations by both “state and non-state actors” over the past few decades.

The revocation was one of Mr Modi’s poll promises in 2019 and the court’s decision comes months before he seeks a third term. Local politicians in the region have expressed disappointment over the order.

Former Chief Minister Omar Abdullah posted on X (formerly Twitter) that he was “disappointed but not disheartened”.

The scenic Jammu and Kashmir region was once a princely state which joined India in 1947 soon after the sub-continent was divided up at the end of British rule.

Nuclear-armed neighbors India and Pakistan have since fought two wars and a limited conflict over Kashmir. Each has come to control different parts of the territory with a ceasefire line agreed.

Security has been tightened in Kashmir since Monday morning.

“We are duty-bound to ensure that peace prevails in the [Kashmir] valley under all circumstances,” VK Birdi, the inspector general of Kashmir zone, told PTI news agency.

Security was also beefed up and the region witnessed a communication blackout when the revocation happened.

On 5 August 2019, the Indian government revoked nearly all of Article 370 of the Indian constitution, which granted special privileges to the people of Jammu and Kashmir state.

The assembly, overseeing the state’s budget, spending, employment, education, and economic activity, was dissolved. A lieutenant governor was appointed to govern the region until local elections were conducted. Several activists and senior opposition leaders in the region were detained.

Article 370 allowed the state its own constitution, a separate flag and freedom to make laws. Foreign affairs, defence and communications remained the preserve of the federal government.

As a result, Jammu and Kashmir could make its own rules relating to permanent residency, ownership of property and fundamental rights. It could also bar Indians from outside the state from purchasing property or settling there.

The constitutional provision had underpinned India’s often fraught relationship with Kashmir, the only Muslim-majority region to join India at partition.

Mr Modi and his Hindu nationalist Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) had long opposed Article 370 and revoking it was in the party’s 2019 election manifesto.

They argued it needed to be scrapped to integrate Kashmir and put it on the same footing as the rest of India. After returning to power with a massive mandate in the April-May general elections in 2019, the government lost no time in acting on its pledge.

Critics say the BJP ultimately wants to change the demographic character of the Muslim-majority region by allowing non-Kashmiris to buy land there.

In August this year, the constitution bench of the Supreme Court began hearing nearly 23 petitions challenging the government’s decision.

The petitioners had stressed on the unique nature of Kashmir’s relationship with India, and said Article 370 “acted as a bridge” between the constitutions of India and Jammu and Kashmir.

The state comprised the Muslim-majority Kashmir valley, the Hindu-dominated Jammu region and the high altitude Buddhist enclave of Ladakh.

The petitioners argued that the state’s reorganisation into Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh as federally administered territories violated India’s constitution, which requires the state legislative assembly’s approval to reduce a state to a union territory.

The petitioners said that the abrogation of Article 370 also took away the region’s internal sovereignty without considering the will of its people. But the government had claimed this sovereignty was surrendered to India in 1947.

Many of the restrictions imposed after the scrapping of the special status have been eased and the picturesque Kashmir valley attracted more than 16 million tourists in 2022. The government has said it is ready to hold state elections and restore statehood.

However, the government frequently imposes communication restrictions in the region for security reasons, criticised by rights groups as measures to suppress dissent.

 

 

Source:- https://www.bbc.com/

Fundamental Duties

Constitution Of India, GENERAL STUDIES & GK

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES

We all talk about Fundamental Rights very loudly, but when it comes to our fundamental duties towards the country, Defend the country and Promote harmony. We all fall back in a state of hesitation. This Constitution has given us the fundamental duty to decide the responsibility towards the society and the country for Defending the country and Abide by the Indian Constitution, either no one wants to talk about it, or we do not do it intentionally, it is clear that we want everything but in return or considering it as our responsibility. don’t want to do.

These Fundamental Duties were mainly inspired by the body of the former Soviet Union. Total 11 essential duties in India. We should Abide by the Indian Constitution.

The following is a list of 11 fundamental duties – 

  1. Abide by the Constitution and respect national flag & National Anthem
  2. Follow ideals of the freedom struggle
  3. Protect sovereignty & integrity of India
  4. Defend the country and render national services when called upon
  5. Developing the spirit of common brotherhood
  6. Preserve composite culture of the country
  7. Preserve natural environment
  8. Develop scientific temper and humanity
  9. Safeguard public property and avoid violence
  10. Strive for excellence in all spheres of life.
  11. Duty of all parents/guardians to send their children in the age group of 6-14 years to school.

The purpose behind the creation of Fundamental Duties is that every citizen should realize that the first is to Defend the country and promote harmony of the nation; that is, the national interest should be ahead of every action and goal.

Indian Fundamental Duties include abiding by the Indian Constitution, respecting our flag, keeping a sense of respect for the national anthem and protecting public property.

In this constitution, through the 42nd Amendment Act 1976, the fundamental duties of citizens were listed. Article 51 ‘A’ embodied in Part IV of the Constitution deals with Fundamental Duties. In India, January 6 is celebrated as “Fundamental Duties Day”.

Enforcement of Fundamental Duties

  1. The Court cannot enforce fundamental Duty. Meaning is unenforceable.
  2. There is no mention of any law in the constitution for the direct enforcement of these duties or the redressal of their violation.
  3. But if any law is made keeping in mind Article 14 and Article 19, it will be honorable.

Criticism of Fundamental Duties

  1. Some other essential subjects not included in this list like paying taxes, family planning and voting etc.
  2. Many Fundamental Duties are not defined correctly. That’s why it is difficult to understand.
  3. There is no talk of enforcement of duties, which is the main criticism. Because for this reason it has not been implemented well till now.
  4. Some experts believe that by including it in Part-4A, the value of Fundamental Duties gets reduced following the policy directive principles.

Swaran Singh Committee

This committee was highly important, and no discussion on fundamental duties can be considered complete without referring to this one, irrespective of other provisions.

There was no mention of Fundamental Duties in the original Constitution of India. In 1976, the Indira Gandhi government constituted a committee under the chairmanship of Sardar Swaran Singh.

 This committee recommended eight Fundamental Duties, but the government added ten duties.

But three suggestions of these committees were not considered by the government.

  1. Parliament should be given the power to make laws for the implementation of these duties and to punish for the violation.
  2. Such a law will be valid even if it violates the fundamental right.
  3. The duty to pay taxes should also be a fundamental duty of the Indian people.

Conclusion

By the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976, part 4 (a) and Article 51 (a) were added in which ten fundamental duties were mentioned. Because the government was expecting that the citizens of India would fulfil their duties, they included new ones like Defend the country and Promote harmony voluntarily in independent India.

 

 

 

Source:- https://unacademy.com/

 

Fundamental Rights

Constitution Of India, GENERAL STUDIES & GK

FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS

The Constitution offers all citizens, individually and collectively, some basic freedoms. These are guaranteed in the Constitution in the form of six broad categories of Fundamental Rights, which are justifiable.

The Explanation of Fundamental Rights in Detail

Article 12 to 35 contained in Part III of the Constitution deal with Fundamental Rights. These rights are mentioned below:

  • Right to equality, including equality before law, prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex or place of birth, and equality of opportunity in matters of employment.
  • Right to freedom of speech and expression, assembly, association or union, movement, residence, and right to practice any profession or occupation (some of these rights are subject to security of the State, friendly relations with foreign countries, public order, decency or morality).

  • Right against exploitation, prohibiting all forms of forced labor, child labor and traffic in human beings.
  • Right to freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of religion.

  • Right of any section of citizens to conserve their culture, language or script, and right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice; and
  • Right to constitutional remedies for enforcement of Fundamental Rights.

 

What after a horrible CAT?

CAT/MBA Prep

What after a horrible CAT?

Be it the day of the CAT or be it when the final admit results come out it is not easy to be a mentor — on one hand you are happy for students who crack the exam and get admitted and on the other hand you feel sad for those who have a bad test day or fail to convert. The toughest thing was always to meet a student who was happy, knowing that the one waiting outside was sad. So with the years, one develops a certain equanimity since one cannot be so happy that one is not able to empathize with the ones who are having a hard time and one also cannot get so bogged down by sadness that one cannot partake in the joy of the successful.

In some cases students just disappear, somehow they take it very personally, that they have failed, they have failed even after reading all the blogs and attending all the sessions, they feel almost as if they have let me down. And I am left wondering, whatever happened to that guy, that girl. The others thankfully come down to meet me or reach out to me through the blog comments even if it is just to feel lighter instead of heavy and burdened.

There are two things about cliches — they are dead boring since they have been repeated so often but at the same time, they are also true, so are all the cliches about failure, I won’t repeat them but I will attest that they are true.

In one of the recent posts, I spoke about how everyone has to face a test and how heroes in myths are defined by overcoming obstacles. The thing about myths is that they rarely show heroes failing at a task spectacularly. But if we look at real-life successes, almost every spectacular success has had a big failure or inability as well. I am not linking failure to success or calling it a pre-requisite.

All I am saying is, everyone fails, so do not go beating yourself about it.

There is nothing to be gained from self-flagellation

The first reaction understandably is to hit oneself with an emotional whiplash and of these, the worst one is — I am useless, I am not smart enough, I suck, I do not have the skills to crack this exam, no matter what I do it will not change a thing.

Firstly, I will be happy if you are telling yourself all of these in anger rather than through a bucket of tears since anger with oneself can be a very good motivator.

But whether you are telling yourself these things through anger or through tears you need to quickly move from “I suck” to I suck at this particular aspect of CAT, from being emotional to being strategic.

  • This was the first time I took an entrance test and I was overwhelmed by it
  • My reading speed was the biggest hindrance when the paper became tough
  • Before the test, I did not talk myself through what I was going to execute during the three sections
  • Before the test, I did talk myself through things but everything went out of the window once the test started
  • I did not hunker down and solve 2 DI sets but flitted from set to set
  • I could not solve tough QA questions from Arithmetic, my level plateaued at easy and moderate questions
  • My technique to solve evaluative RC questions was not really up to the mark

My favorite story when it comes to dealing with doubts about one’s ability is Brian Lara’s answer when questioned about being McGrath’s bunny (he has got him quite a few times), Lara did not talk about the number of centuries he scored against Australia or the single-handed manhandling of a peak Australian team over an entire series, all he said was — someone from the opposition has to get me out sometime, right?

Evaluate the extent of damage and your options and view things in proportion

The right lens to view things should not be through your success or failure at CAT but in terms of your prospects of doing an MBA from a premier B-school.

Just like the extent of damage in a war varies across the various battlefronts, the damage, if any, to your MBA dreams, varies across different profiles.

Who are the aspirants who are the worst hit?

Those who already have 4 years of work experience and had a horrible CAT are the worst hit since another shot at the CAT and the 2-year MBA is effectively ruled out; they only have the rest of the exams in this season to make it count. (It is not that you will get rejected, you can still get an admit into a 2-year program but the number of recruiters looking at a 5-year profile will be fewer; you will still be able to get the career growth you are looking for in your domain)

Those who have three years of work-ex will still have a shot at the CAT next year but to stay close to the average profile in a b-school (having 4 or more years of work-ex will make the profile a bit of an outlier) they should crack one of the remaining exams in this season.

Those who have 2 or fewer years of work-ex have nothing to worry about as far as their MBA dreams go — they are well and truly alive. You can still get there, not when you wanted to and in the way you wanted to but you can still get there.

Some of you might wonder whether you have it in you to take another shot. Well, you do not have another option.

Roger Federer played from 2012 Wimbledon to 2017 Australian Open, 17 Slams, without winning a single slam, being stuck at 17, losing to players who were not in the same league as him. At every single slam during those five years my friend and I would talk, just before the semis or finals, about how well Fed was playing, the new things that he was inventing — the SABR (Sneak Attack By Roger) — and as usual the crazy points in the matches until then, only for him to lose again.

There were articles asking why he was still playing. I was supporting him saying that it need not be #1 or nothing, as long as he is easily making finals and semis and believes he can win he should play since he is still ranked in the top 4 and since unlike in a team sport, he is not delaying a transition or eating into the prime years of a youngster. In effect, I had mentally ruled out the chance of him winning again, I was happy that he was competing well.

Federer is great not because he has won 20 Slams but because he believed in himself so much, believed in himself through four years of heart-breaking failures, four years of aging and his body breaking down in 2016, while others were catching up with him.

I am sure no victory tasted sweeter to him than the 2017 Australian Open when he finally won a Slam again. (I have never felt more elation at the end of a sports match than while watching him win the 2017 Australian Open)

All of you are so young! This exam season is still young! And you have enough time to acquire the skills your skills to crack the CAT at another shot (if required).

Cut all the negative voices out of your head, your own voice, and that of your parents as well, if necessary (since all most Indian parents seem to care about is the timing of your wedding and how another CAT attempt affects that).

They will release the paper with your response soon and based on that we will release a tool to calculate your score — this can cause another meltdown. It is never easy to actually see the marks if you know you did not do well. Do not try to find out, let the results come out when they come out.

Some of you might be raring to smash the other tests to smithereens, and others might be feeling out of gas and motivation to pick yourself up.

The latter, please give yourself a break, do the things you like to do, eat the things you like to eat, and relax for the rest of this week, restart next Monday.

There is little you can do right by pushing yourself without a break or good rest and being a bunch of ragged nerves.

Getting ready for the next event

It is not easy to crack the test on your first or second attempt unless you are on the top of your game for at least 10 to 15 mocks with additional reserves to handle a tougher-than-usual paper. I cleared the test on my second attempt.

Even those who have set their sights firmly on the old IIMs will be taking a few more tests, at least the XAT. Now that you have the CAT monkey off your back, go ahead full-throttle on these other tests.

 

Understanding the Digital Marketing Role and Relevant Skills

Digital Marketing

Understanding the Digital Marketing Role and Relevant Skills

In today’s digital age, the role of digital marketing has become paramount for businesses worldwide. With consumers spending so much time online — and with no sign of that trend reversing — companies routinely invest in digital strategies and roles to reach their audience effectively. If you’re considering a career in this dynamic field, this article is for you. We’ll explore the role of digital marketing, the skills required to excel, and the first steps you can take on your journey to a digital marketing career.

What Is Digital Marketing?

Digital marketing refers to the use of digital channels, platforms, and technologies to promote a product, service, or brand to a wide audience. Unlike traditional marketing, which relies on physical media, digital marketing campaigns are primarily executed online.

Types of digital marketing include:

  • Search engine optimization (SEO): This involves optimizing websites to rank higher on search engines, thereby increasing organic (non-paid) traffic.
  • Pay-per-click (PPC): A model where advertisers pay a fee each time their ad is clicked, primarily seen in search engine advertising.
  • Content marketing: Creating and distributing valuable content to attract and engage a target audience.
  • Social media marketing: Using social platforms like Facebook and Instagram to promote products or services.
  • Email marketing: Sending targeted messages to a group of people via email.
  • Affiliate marketing: Earning a commission by promoting other people’s products or services.
  • Online PR: Managing a brand’s online presence and building relationships with online journalists and bloggers.

Responsibilities of a Digital Marketing Role

A digital marketer’s primary responsibility is to develop, implement, and manage marketing campaigns that promote a company’s products or services. This includes:

  • Strategy development: Creating comprehensive digital marketing strategies to achieve business goals.
  • Data analysis: Analysing digital data to draw key recommendations for improving campaigns.
  • Content creation: Producing relevant content for blogs, websites, and social media to engage the audience.
  • SEO and search engine marketing (SEM): Ensuring websites are search engine friendly and managing paid ad campaigns.
  • Social media management: Overseeing a brand’s presence on social platforms and engaging with the community.
  • Monitoring and reporting: Tracking the performance of digital marketing campaigns and making necessary adjustments.

Essential Skills for Digital Marketing Professionals

To thrive in a digital marketing role, one must possess a mix of technical and behavioral skills. Some of the most important digital marketing skills and mindsets include:

  • Communication skills: Communication skills are paramount in digital marketing because they facilitate clear conveyance of ideas, collaboration with diverse teams, and effective engagement with audiences. Whether it’s presenting campaign results to stakeholders, coordinating with designers and developers, or crafting messages that resonate with consumers, effective communication ensures alignment of goals, smooth execution of strategies, and the building of trust with both internal teams and external audiences.
  • An analytical mindset: An analytical mindset is crucial in digital marketing because it enables professionals to decipher vast amounts of data, discern patterns, and derive actionable insights. By understanding user behavior, campaign performance, and other key metrics, marketers can make informed decisions, optimize strategies for better results, and demonstrate a clear return on investment to stakeholders.
  • Creativity: This skill allows digital marketers to craft unique, compelling campaigns that stand out in a saturated online landscape. By thinking outside the box and developing innovative content or strategies, marketers can captivate their target audience, foster engagement, and differentiate their brand from competitors.

  • Technical proficiency: Digital marketers rely on various tools, platforms, and technologies — such as Google Analytics, AdWords, and content management systems (CMSs) — to execute and measure campaigns effectively. A strong grasp of these technical aspects ensures that marketers can optimize websites for search, analyze data accurately, manage paid ad campaigns, and troubleshoot issues, leading to more efficient and successful marketing efforts.
  • SEO and SEM skills: These skills are essential for digital marketing because they directly influence a brand’s visibility on search engines. Mastery in SEO ensures that a website ranks organically for relevant keywords, driving free and targeted traffic. Simultaneously, expertise in SEM allows marketers to create effective paid ad campaigns, ensuring prominent placement in search results and immediate visibility. Together, they form the backbone of a brand’s online discoverability and reach.
  • Adaptability: The digital landscape is in constant flux, with evolving algorithms, emerging platforms, and shifting consumer behaviors. Marketers who can quickly adapt to these changes are better positioned to seize new opportunities, mitigate challenges, and ensure their strategies remain effective and relevant in an ever-changing environment.

Starting a Career in Digital Marketing

For those looking to dive into the world of digital marketing, here are some steps to kickstart your journey:

  • Educate yourself: There are numerous online courses and certifications available, such as those offered by Google’s Digital Garage or HubSpot Academy. You can also learn essential skills for digital marketing through our free employment programs here at Generation. We offer programs in various fields in 17 countries around the world. Our courses provide you with the knowledge, training, and skills you need to succeed in digital marketing and beyond. We even help you gain employment after graduating the course! Learn more about our employment programs near you.
  • Build an online presence: Start a blog, create a portfolio, or be active on social media to showcase your skills.
  • Network: Attend digital marketing conferences, webinars, or workshops to connect with industry professionals.
  • Stay updated on technology and trends: The digital world changes rapidly. Subscribe to industry news sites or blogs to stay informed.

Digital marketing offers a plethora of opportunities for those willing to learn and adapt. With the right skills and mindset, you can carve a successful career in this exciting domain. Whether you’re a newbie or an experienced professional, the digital realm welcomes all with open arms. So, gear up and embark on this rewarding journey — we are happy to help you get there!

Our free employment programs offer hands-on work experience in various fields, online and offline, in 17 countries around the world. Through our programs, adults of all ages — whether unemployed, underemployed, or needing to learn new skills — can access training, support, and a path to meaningful employment. We are here to help you succeed!

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Source:- https://www.generation.org/

Decode politics of BJP & Congress

Politics

Decode politics: As dust settles, here are 5 reasons why BJP won MP, and Cong lost plot

What put the two parties apart: strategic interventions to check dissent, collective leadership push, early tickets, focus on ST/SC voters, booth management

 

The BJP routed the Congress in the Madhya Pradesh Assembly elections, winning 163 of the 230 seats, while the grand old party, which was hoping to cash in on an almost two-decade anti-incumbency, was reduced to just 66.

The Congress, which quickly blamed EVM tampering as one of the reasons for its loss, was stunned by the results as the BJP almost replicated its 2013 Assembly election performance when the party had won 165 seats when, too, Shivraj Singh Chouhan was the Chief Minister.

As the Congress does its post-mortem, here are five possible reasons the BJP stole a march:

1. Welfare schemes

The most significant reason for the BJP’s victory was the Chouhan government’s string of welfare schemes, targeting the poorest. The party calls the Ladli Behna Yojana, for one, as a “game changer”. Post the victory, Chouhan was blessed with some such women beneficiaries and said, “Ladli behnon ne saare kaante nikal diye (The ladli behnas have removed all obstacles).”

Launched in March this year, the scheme initially offered a monthly stipend of Rs 1,000 to women aged between 23 and 60 in households with an annual income of less than Rs 2.5 lakh. As the polls drew closer, the minimum age was reduced to 21 while the stipend was raised to Rs 1,250 per month. More than 1.2 crore women in the state have got the benefit of the scheme, for which an amount of Rs 13,000 crore has been allocated.

Chouhan’s trust that the state’s 2.67 crore women, or 48% of the state’s 5.52 crore electorate, will deliver the state for the BJP again was proved true. Women outnumbered men in at least 18 of the 230 Assembly seats, including in tribal-dominated areas like Balaghat, Mandla, Dindori, and Jhabua.

When the Congress tried to match Chouhan by promising to provide Rs 1,500 as stipend to women, the CM unveiled other promises such as 35% reservation for women in government jobs. This played well into the BJP’s narrative, especially against the backdrop of the Centre passing the women’s reservation Act.

2. Ticket distribution

While both parties saw the usual protests over ticket distribution, the BJP put in all its resources led by Union Home Minister Amit Shah to firefight the situation; no such effort was seen in the Congress.

It was Shah’s idea to announce the first list of candidates in August, three months before the elections. The 39 seats announced in this list were presumed Congress strongholds, and expected to have multiple aspirants from within the party. The BJP thus got enough time to calm dissidence down in these seats, and ended up winning 24 of the 39 constituencies.

The Congress, in contrast, announced its first list in October on considerably “safe” seats. The list of candidates for “difficult” seats was announced much closer to the elections, giving party heavyweights Kamal Nath and Digvijaya Singh little to no time for damage control. As protests erupted, the party was forced to change 7 candidates, 6 of whom lost. Of the 85 sitting MLAs that the party fielded, 60 lost the election.

Insiders say poor ticket distribution cost the Congress around 20-25 seats. The party may have lost another 27 seats due to the split of votes by third parties like the BSP, SP, Gondwana Gantantra Party and Independents.

3. Collective leadership

While the BJP went into the election without projecting a CM face and fielded a host of party bigwigs – Union ministers Narendra Singh Tomar, Prahlad Patel and Faggan Singh Kulaste; national general secretary Kailash Vijayvargiya; and four sitting Lok Sabha MPs – the Congress relied on Nath and Singh.

Fielding bigwigs enabled the BJP to project multiple CM faces, and what was initially seen as a drawback was turned by the party into an effective tool to battle 20-year anti-incumbency. It also left Chouhan free to tour the state instead of remaining restricted to “difficult” areas.

Consequently, the BJP won back the strongholds it had lost in 2018. In Vindhya Pradesh, the party won 25 of the 30 seats while in Mahakoshal, considered a Congress turf, it won 21 of the 20 seats. In the bellwether region of Malwa-Nimar, the BJP won 48 of 66 seats. It retained its stronghold of Bundelkhand, winning 21 of 26 seats, while it held on to 18 of 34 seats in the Gwalior-Chambal region.

In contrast, Nath and Singh did not involve the Congress central leadership in the campaign. Nath, whose aides prevailed in ticket distribution, largely made decisions and took over election management. Singh’s aides, meanwhile, chose not to speak at rallies as Nath took centre stage.

Nath and Singh – both in their 70s – as the faces of the party were in stark contrast to 2018, when Jyotiraditya Scindia, who crossed over to the BJP, connected with the youth.

4. Tribal and Dalit vote bank

In the run-up to the elections, the BJP focused on 82 seats where the tribal and Dalit votes held sway. It won 24 of the 47 ST-reserved seats, and 26 of the 35 SC-reserved seats.

Nath and Singh – both in their 70s – as the faces of the party were in stark contrast to 2018, when Jyotiraditya Scindia, who crossed over to the BJP, connected with the youth.

Development projects like water connections for irrigation and making tribal communities aware about the implementation of the Panchayat (Extension to Scheduled Areas) or PESA Act were given an aggressive push in the Chouhan government.

Contrary to the BJP’s approach, the Congress only made a promise of Rs 4,000 per bag of tendu leaf procured and accused the BJP of being anti-tribal while recalling past instances of atrocities on tribals.

In areas with a dominant Scheduled Caste (SC) population, the BJP outdid the Congress with Modi visiting Sagar twice. He also inaugurated a Rs 100 crore Sant Ravidas temple.

The Congress, however, harped on the caste census even as its party workers were unable to effectively communicate its benefits to people on the ground, insiders said.

The BJP had lost a significant chunk of SC votes in 2018 following protests over the dilution of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act after seven people lost their lives in violence that erupted in Bhind, Gwalior, and Morena districts. BJP leaders said this was not a factor any more and this helped the ruling party retain its influence in these pockets.

5. Election management

Shah gave the party’s 40 lakh booth-level workers a target of securing 52% votes in each booth. To ensure this was met, the BJP formed booth-level committees in 96% of the state’s booths, where focus was laid on Dalit and tribal communities. The state leadership was in constant contact with many leaders of booth committees.

The party also focused on booth expansion programmes and ideological training of its cadre. It used the database of beneficiaries to target voters with booth-level workers. The booth-level workers also ensured high turnout of BJP supporters on polling day.

Congress insiders said the party had foundered in its organisation and, in most BJP strongholds, the party was “missing due to lack of resources and sloppy election management”.

The failure of booth-level management was also raised in the Congress Legislature Party meeting held after the party’s poll drubbing.

 

 

© The Indian Express Pvt Ltd, Source:- https://indianexpress.com/

Image Credit:- Google

Byju’s Cash Crunch

Ed-Tech, Start-up

Byju Raveendran likens current crisis to war on multiple fronts, says true entrepreneur is a war leader

In a leadership huddle, CEO Arjun Mohan unveiled Byju’s 3.0, where he stressed the need to sell the right products to the right people without maximizing sales 

Byju Raveendran, the founder of the embattled edtech unicorn Byju’s, rallied close to 50 of the firm’s top leaders, assuring them that this was a war on multiple fronts that they would ultimately win.

The meeting came amid a precarious liquidity crisis for the once-feted edtech, as it tries to raise money via multiple channels to keep operations going.

“A true entrepreneur is a war leader. What Byju’s is going through can only be seen as a war on multiple fronts against all odds,” he is said to have mentioned during the meeting. Further, he apologized for not being able to give much face time to the team lately.

“My regret is that I am letting down a wonderful team by not providing adequate capital,” he said.

He concluded by assuring that in a few months, Byju’s would begin the journey back to “the heights where it belongs.” He also gave updates on all the key issues that Byju’s has been embroiled in, from the term loan B issue to the ED notice, asset sales, and the current liquidity position.

Byju’s 3.0

While Byju’s has faced flak in the last few years for aggressively pushing its learning products to parents, its CEO Arjun Mohan emphasized the need to sell the right products to the right people without maximizing sales, an approach that he described as Byju’s 3.0

“Byju’s 1.0 was offline, while 2.0 was about tech-delivered context. Byju’s 3.0 will be about deep tech-driven personalization with the right approach and accountability to sales”,  he said.

Byju’s challenges

Byju discussed five challenges that the company faced in 2023.

The first challenge is the litigation surrounding Term Loan B (TLB). He said this challenge should be resolved after the sale of Epic, which is a subsidiary of Byju’s in the US. That sale will also help manage the liquidity crunch the company faces now.

The second challenge is an ED notice received from the Enforcement Directorate. Byju clarified that the notice is related to procedural deficiencies under FEMA and that most of these issues have already been addressed.

The third challenge, according to Byju, is the closure of the ongoing FY23 statutory audit, which is on track to be completed soon.

The fourth challenge was the litigation surrounding the Davidson Kempner (DK) loan raised against Aakash Educational Services Limited (AESL), which has now been resolved with Ranjan Pai taking over the loan. He also said that Aakash is now set for a promising admissions season.

Finally, he spoke about the importance of finding ways to mitigate the impact of these cuts on the business and called on each team member to play a vital role in maintaining business momentum.

Byju’s needs Rs 500-600 crore in cash by March to settle outstanding employee dues, vendor payments, tax department obligations, and BCCI dues. The company is confident in raising this amount through asset sales or by pledging its holdings in Aakash or Think and Learn, a person familiar with the development said.

A second person added that Byju’s has been borrowing from family, friends, and other entrepreneurs in recent months to pay salaries and vendors. The company is falling short of Rs 60-70 crore every month, even as it has brought its costs down. For instance, its wage bill was higher than Rs 300 crore a year ago, and is currently Rs 130 crore now.

At the height of the funding and pandemic-led EdTech boom in 2020-2021, Byju’s aggressively raised funds and acquired companies. It made a record 22 acquisitions both in India and overseas, as it sought to expand from K-12 (kg to class 12) to categories such as test prep, higher learning, and coding. Byju is now counting on selling some of these assets to raise money and keep operations going at its core India EdTech business.

While Raveendran has been keeping investors informed about the company’s financial situation, Money control has learned that he is confident in weathering the liquidity crisis without their help. “There is no term sheet at this point and no question of Byju stepping aside. He has been putting in money in the last 8-9 months for the company to stay afloat,” a third person said.

Beginning of the trouble

Byju’s, which is India’s most-valued startup, has been under fire since the start of 2022 for a range of issues, including accounting irregularities, alleged mis-selling of courses, and mass layoffs.

The company has laid off thousands of employees in the last 12 months as it was hit by a double whammy of drying venture capital funding and slowing demand for online learning services. Since then, its investor board members have left too, citing differences with founder Byju Raveendran.

It has tried to recoup since then. Its early investor Ranjan Pai plowed in capital, set up an advisory council with veterans such as Mohandas Pai and Rajnish Kumar and elevated Arjun Mohan as CEO. It is also in talks to divest assets such as Great Learning and Epic.

Source:- https://www.moneycontrol.com/

The Valuation Obsession

Start-up

The Valuation Obsession

There is an obsession with the values that are being placed on companies when they finance. There has always been one but it is worse than ever.

Every day, without fail, I read a headline that so and so company has raised, will raise, or is trying to raise capital at some eye popping valuation.

It would be easy to blame this on the media, which certainly has to shoulder some of the blame for believing that these are important stories to write day after day, week after week, month after month, year after year.

But the media writes what people want to read and talk about.

The problem is us, the tech sector, and the mindset that valuation is the scorecard by which we measure ourselves.

Of course, valuation matters. When GitHub exits to Microsoft for billions of dollars, that matters. It matters to Microsoft’s shareholders who paid that bill. It matters to Github founders and employees who got a pay day. It matters to the investors in GitHub who got a fantastic return on their investment. And it matters to Github users who got a signal about how important the software they are using is to the big tech companies.

You cannot cover that story without taking about the price that Microsoft paid. It is an important part of the narrative.

But interim valuations being put on startups is different. Sure the price that they can finance themselves is interesting. But not more interesting than the products and services they are bringing to market, how they are building their teams and cultures, and the underlying technologies they are using to do that.

And yet we get less and less of those stories and more and more box scores.

It leads to a culture of bragging and topping one another and an obsessive focus on valuation. I’ve heard founders say “if I don’t raise at a billion or more, we will be seen as a failure.” How ridiculous is that? And yet you can see how they can get to that place.

CEOs and their talent organizations frequently tell me that it is easier to recruit people to companies that have raised at eye popping values. This is particularly peverse because the higher the valuation, the less money the employee will make on their equity. But, it seems, the talent market is looking to the investment community to signal to them what companies are worth working for.

It should work the other way around. I like to invest in companies that smart people are joining. Capital should follow talent, not talent following capital.

I know that many will read this and roll their eyes. “Fred doesn’t like the hyper inflated valuation environment so he’s trying to pour cold water on it.” That’s true about me not liking it but we benefit from it as much as anyone.

What I don’t like about this environment is the focus on form over substance and reducing everything to a number. This could be the new normal. This may be life in startup land from now on. Maybe I just need to learn to deal with it.

But I hope not. I hope that people will come to understand that it is what underneath the covers that matters and the headline number is just that. A great way to get you to click on the link and see some ads.

 

 

Source:- https://avc.com/

Introduction of Vedic Math

Vedic Math

Introduction of Vedic Math

Vedic Maths is a super-fast method of making all math calculations straightforward and easy. It mainly deals with mental calculations. When it comes to kids, it helps in increasing concentration power, memorizing formulas, and makes long calculations very simple and less tedious than before.

Vedic Maths Tricks saves a lot of time. The Math trick makes it possible for students to multiply a 13 digit number by a 12 digit number without using pen and paper. It boosts confidence in one’s ability to tackle mathematical problems easily. Formulas for special numbers and Dodging Times Tables up to 99 are much easier with the help of Vedic Maths. It not only helps for calculating magic numbers like multiplication of 999, 5’s, 11, 12, 13,… but also helps for all other numbers.

The Vedic Math Tricks mainly helps children in solving basic concepts under Arithmetic operations like additions, subtractions, multiplication, division, fractions, squares, cubes, and a few Algebraic operations. When compared to the conventional or usual method, the Vedic method has more tricks and easy ways to calculate.

The most important thing about Vedic Mathematics is that it teaches you how to think logically. The method is based on the principle that everything can be reduced to numbers. This means that you will learn to use your intuition as well as logic when doing mathematics.

Vedic Mathematics is a great way to improve your child’s overall intelligence quotient (IQ).

History and Importance of Vedic Math

In the Golden Age Period, about 5000 years ago, people were able to calculate correctly and mentally, without even using a pen or a piece of paper, in no time. Education at that time was exclusively verbal. As time passed, it was felt necessary to document the knowledge of that era for future generations and different Vedas were being composed. We are familiar with four major Vedas: the Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda. The subject matter of each varies. As such, Atharvaveda contains all kinds of sciences, such as architectural science, astronomical science, engineering science, and mathematics.

Europeans showed a great deal of interest in ancient Sanskrit texts at the beginning of the 20th century. Atharvaveda contains some texts called “Ganit Sutras” that contain mathematical conclusions, but no one was able to use them since no one could find mathematics in them.

Vedic Maths is an ancient method of mental calculations that was discovered by “Late Swami Shri Bharti Krishna Tirthaji” (1884-1960)”, the Shankaracharya of Puri, who is known as “The Father of Vedic Maths”. was a great scholar of Sanskrit, English, Mathematics, History, and Philosophy. He studied these texts called “Ganit Sutras” in deep silence in the forests of shingeri for a period of 8 long years.

He reconstructed 16 main Vedic sutras or formulae and 13 sub-sutras, covering a wide range of Arithmetical computation and Algebraic operations. These formulas are in the form of sutras and they are short, easy to remember, and very easy to apply.

All the sutras are in Sanskrit words, he has given English translation and mathematical meaning for all of them and it is clearly explained for the understanding of all age groups. Through the Math techniques explained here, everyone will be able to cut out their dependency on calculators.

Students from grade 3-12, need to learn the Vedic sutras from scratch, it is the foundation. Now is where they will understand the difference between Conventional maths and Vedic Maths. In conventional maths, the steps will be longer, but in Vedic maths, the accurate answers can be found in one straight line. Here is where the students become even smarter. They will start enjoying their school life without any math phobia.

When it comes to competitive exams, students appearing for any government exams, banking, railway, SSC, UPSC, CET, GMAT, etc,.. can easily clear the papers on time with the help of Vedic tricks and it gives quick and accurate results. For this, you need to have a very good practice and tricks should be on your fingertip. It isn’t that easy, but having good practice on concepts of mathematics makes you perfect. So over a period of time, you will get a hang of the math trick. That’s where it sharpens your mind, speed of calculation increases confidence level, and improves mental ability.

Why calculate mentally if I have a calculator?

Vedic Maths is full of math tricks and gives quick answers and removes the confusion in the school method. Also helps in solving any difficulty level in maths calculation. Even a person from a non-maths background can easily learn Vedic Maths.

The human brain is capable of working faster than the world’s fastest computer.

Performing mental calculations is the best exercise for the brain, just like exercising our bodies to stay healthy. Exercising the brain will not only help us calculate fast but also help us in our daily lives as well.

With a calculator, we don’t participate in the calculation process at all. This is highly dangerous over time, as we lose our ability to calculate in a day-to-day situation and our thinking abilities are also affected.

As a result, our brain must be exercised as frequently as possible to become smart and fast, and mental calculations serve as a kind of brain gym. The ability to think faster and smarter keeps the brain active and the body healthy.

5 Interesting Vedic Maths Sutras or Tricks:-

Vedic Maths Is all about the Collection of Sutras and their benefits which can be used with the school curriculum. Here are a few basic operations that will boost you to get started with.

Vedic Sutra 1- Ekadhikena Purvena:-

English Translation:- One more than the previous one

Mathematical meaning:- To obtain the next number, add one to the previous one.

This is the formula used for calculating Squares Of Numbers Ending In 5:-

Eg:- Find the Square of 25.

Solution:- 1st step:- Multiply the number (except last 5) by one more than it.

i.e., 2x(2+1) = 2×3 = 6

2nd step:- Write Square of 5, i.e., 25 after it.

5×5 = 25.

Together (join both the steps), in one line, 2x(2+1) and write 25 = 625.

Therefore, the answer is 625.

Vedic Sutra 2 – Nikhilam Navatascharamam Dasatah:-

English Translation:- All from nine and last from ten.

Mathematical Meaning:- To find the complement (deficiency) of any number to the next base (nearest base, also called working base), subtract all the other digits (except last) from 9 and the last digit from 10.

Eg:- To find the complement of 38 (to the working base 100), subtract:-

Solution:- 3 from 9 = 6 and 8 from 10 = 2, i.e., 62.

Therefore, the complement of 38 (100-38) is 62.

Vedic Sutra 3 – Ekanyunena Purvena:-

English Translation:- One less than the previous one.

Mathematical Meaning:- One number less than the previous number.

This method is used for calculating Multiplication by 9,99,999,…

Formula:- 1st step- Left part- One less than the multiplicand, i.e., (multiplicand – 1)

2nd step- Right part- The deficiency of multiplicand, i.e., (base – multiplicand)

Eg:- Multiply 57 by 99:- (base is 100)

Solution:- step1 – 57-1= 56

step2- 100-57= (9-5=4, 10-7=3)= 43

57 x 99 = (57 – 1) (100 – 57) = 5643

Therefore, 57 x 99 = 5643.

Vedic Sutra 4 – Anthyayordasakepi:-

English Translation:- When final digits add upon ten.

Mathematical Meaning:- The sum of final digits is the base. Eg- 14+16 = (4+6) =10 as base. Multiplication – When the sum of final digits is the base and previous parts are the same.

Formula:- 1st step- Left part- Multiply the previous part by one more than itself

2nd step- Right part- Multiply the last digits (whose sum is the base).

Eg:- Multiply 36 by 34:-

Solution:- Here sum of last digits 6 and 4 is 6+4=10 (base)

36 x 34 = (3x (3+1) (6×4) =(3 x 4) (24) =1224.

Therefore, 36 x 34 = 1224.

Vedic Sutra 5 – Yavadhunam

English Translation:- Whatever the extent of the deficiency.

Mathematical Meaning:- The deficiency (to the nearest base).

This method is used for calculating Squares Of Any Number.

Formula:- 1st step- Right part- Square the deficiency

2nd step-Left part- Subtract the number by its deficiency plus carry over.

Eg:- Find the square of 96.

Solution:- The deficiency is 4 with working base 100.

Step1- Right part:- Square of deficiency (4)²

Step2 – Left part:- Subtract the number by its deficiency (96-4)

(96 – 4) (4)² = (92) (16)

Therefore, 96² = 9216.

Who Can Benefit from Vedic Maths?

Vedic Mathematics is applicable for students from grades 3-12 (age 8-17), students writing competitive exams, and also helps in our day-to-day activities. I have been training teachers and homemakers for improvising their mathematical skills and it also helps homemakers to have an identity and it provides them an extra source of income.

Vedic Maths is the gift of the Veda for solving the “Maths Anxiety” problem in Math education worldwide. It’s a very special feature, it mainly converts the dry tedious Maths into a playful and joyful subject, which children enjoy learning with a smile.

Source:- https://www.thevedicmaths.com/